Windows has a roughly 77% market share in the desktop market and yet there are reports that Microsoft is developing a new operating system and you wonder why. After Windows 10S, now there are rumors about Windows Core OS. So what is Windows Core OS (WCOS) and how it’s different from Windows 10 or 10S? Is it something that will replace Windows 10 in the future? We have answered all these crucial questions along with all the nitty-gritty in detail below. Know that WCOS is going to change the foundation of Windows as we know it. So without further delay, let’s go ahead and learn about Windows Core OS in all aspects.
Before I throw technical terms from left, right, and center, let me explain what is Windows Core OS in simple terms. Windows Core OS is a universal base from where different flavors of Windows can be created. WCOS is a shareable and modular base which means Microsoft can take it and add additional features on top of it for devices having different form factors. To draw a loose comparison, think about how the Android ecosystem works. Google develops the AOSP (the base) which is somewhat like the Windows Core OS and several manufacturers fork it to make their version of OS. Similarly, Windows Core OS will be the universal base for Windows laptops, desktops, foldable phones, HoloLens, Xbox, Surface Hub, and every future product released by Microsoft.
Windows Core OS Features
1. CShell (Composable Shell)
CShell is a top-of-the-line feature of Windows Core OS. I know the term is not self-explanatory so let me explain. In the above section, I talked about how WCOS is modular and can be easily forked for devices having distinct hardware design. CShell is that feature that makes it possible. In simple term, CShell is a modular user-interface which can be slapped on devices depending on their form factor. It’s a user-interface deeply tied to WCOS, but also modular at the same time. Surface Neo Tablet Mode (Running WCOS-powered Windows 10X)
After CShell, Shareable Component is another foundational feature of Windows Core OS. The problem with Windows 10 is that every layer from legacy apps to modern subsystems are intertwined with each other and that makes it harder to update and separate them. Recently, Google separated the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) on Android to bring modularity and improve the Android update system. With WCOS, Microsoft is also taking a similar route. In fact, Microsoft is removing almost all the components to make WCOS just a barebone base. All the app layers, Libraries, and Composers are available in the form of additional components. In fact, the interface that is CShell is also available as a Component to make WCOS completely light and modular.
What it means for Microsoft is that, for instance, if they want to create an operating system for foldable phones, they can take the WCOS base and add components as required. No need to re-write and modify a huge chunk of code to make a compatible Windows operating system for different devices. This will enormously save crucial time and resources for Microsoft. Further, they can choose to add Win32 app support (as a component) on WCOS-powered laptops or leave the support on WCOS-powered tablets. Basically, share components where it makes sense. This will bring modularity in the Windows ecosystem and as a result, will make your WCOS-powered laptop light, battery efficient, and overall faster to use just like Chrome OS.
Faster Update is a feature that many Windows users hope to see one day and it’s finally coming with Windows Core OS. It’s an inherent WCOS feature so any OS built using its base will support faster update by default. This feature is straight out of Chrome OS, and I am happy that Microsoft is bringing it to WCOS. Unlike Windows 10 where you have to wait for 5-30 minutes to install an update, on WCOS, it will be just a matter of a reboot. It will use a separate partition to install updates while you are using your device and will switch the active boot slot after a reboot. No need to wait for installation. Apart from that, Windows Core OS will use the Full Flash Update (FFU) image format to install Windows updates as opposed to ISO which will significantly reduce installation time. So finally, your Windows 10 update woes will go away with Windows Core OS.
Now we come to the most crucial part, App Support. Does Windows Core OS support Win32 Apps like Microsoft Office and the new Microsoft Edge? The answer is plain no; WCOS does not have native support for legacy apps which have been a cornerstone of Windows operating systems since its existence. However, Microsoft can add an additional component for Win32 app support which will work in a container and will be completely sandboxed– just like Linux on Chrome OS. All it means for end-users is that you will be able to use your favorite Win32 apps, but the performance might take a hit since it’s not running natively. But Microsoft has stated that the performance will be quite good and usable in a container. Windows 10 Architecture with Legacy App Support (Win32)
Why Microsoft Created Windows Core OS?
If you are wondering why Microsoft needs such a universal base, the answer lies in Microsoft’s failure to make Windows 10 an all-encompassing platform. For instance, Microsoft tried to build its smartphone in line with Windows 10’s aesthetic and features, but it failed miserably. The reason is that the base for the desktop and mobile version of Windows 10 is completely different hence the features were implemented differently.
What Will Happen to Windows 10?
Well, Windows 10 is not going anywhere. In fact, experts suggest that Windows 10 will always be available for power and enterprise users who want native Win32 app support, gaming libraries, subsystems, networking tools, legacy control panel– all into one OS. What we will see though is that Microsoft will increasingly push a lite version of Windows with containerized Win32 app support in the mainstream market. It will slowly make Windows 10 an optional OS meant for hardcore users, professionals, and geeks. And something like a Windows Lite will take center-stage which is light, fast to boot, have modern CShell interface, updates in a flash, performs much better, and is power-efficient. Windows Lite, Source: The Verge
We will see the first instance of Windows Core OS in action with the arrival of Surface Neo during Christmas, 2020. It runs Windows 10X which is powered by the WCOS at its base. Apart from that, Surface Hub OS is another WCOS-powered operating system that will launch with Surface Hub 2X, but the launch has been delayed as of now. There is also Xbox OS and Windows Holographic in the pipeline but the details are scarce at this moment.
